openSUSE:Security Features
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Compiler and Toolchain
- glibc malloc heap corruption checking to avoid double-free and similar attacks. These checks have existed in glibc for several years now and are active for all our distributions starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.
- The "Fortify Source" extensions in gcc and glibc are enabled for all packages by default (using -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2) since SUSE Linux 10.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise 10. This extension brings:
- Compile buffer overflow checking for various C string / memory functions. On a overflow of a buffer that is already provable at compile time a warning is emitted by the compiler and caught by our build processes.
- Runtime buffer overflow checking for the C string / memory functions for destination buffers whose size is known at compile time. An overflow here triggers a controlled abort of the program.
- Exploitation of format string problems trigger a controlled abort of the program.
- Specific warnings on missing return value checks of dangerous library functions.
- Runtime stack overflow checking using -fstack-protector is used in some critical packages in SUSE Linux 10.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 and enabled by default for all packages starting with openSUSE 10.2.
- Marking stack and heap non-executable to make NX possible is done for nearly all packages for some time now.
- -z relro is enabled by default since SUSE Linux 10.1, which makes attacks on specific ELF sections no longer work.
Kernel
- Hardware based NX (No eXecute, also known as DEP) support is enabled for Stack and Heap since SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 on:
- all AMD64/EM64T processors.
- on x86 machines using the "bigsmp" or "pae" kernel and the processor being able to support the NX bit.
- We do not include Software NX at this time, since it is not in the mainline kernel and likely never will be.
- Address Space Randomization is used for the stack and library mappings since SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 and SUSE Linux 10.1.
- Address Space Randomization for PIE binaries and their heaps since openSUSE 11.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise 11.
- "ExecShield" and "PAX" contain several features including the ones listed above. This means that we implement parts of the "ExecShield" and "PAX" functions already at this time.
AppArmor
We included the Mandatory Access Control System AppArmor to confine potentially endangered applications.
Firewall
Since SUSE Linux 9.3 the iptables based SuSEfirewall2 is enabled by default, including a very restrictive inbound filtering.
Software choice
We chose to run only a minimal set of daemons in the default configuration. Only the following are listening to the network:
- SSH daemon
- portmap daemon
- avahi/mDNSResponder
- cups print server
All of them are blocked by the firewall by default though.
setuid binaries
Setuid/setgid binaries are:
- kept to a minimum. We try to replace them by more secure methods of user - root privilege passing or even get rid of them at all.
- new ones are required to be source audited by the Security Team, old ones are audited again after some time.
Source code audits
System services, setuid binaries and other security relevant software is audited by the security team and the findings reported to the upstream maintainers and fixed.